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I PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

R. STONE. TUNNELING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED FEB.

12. 1902. RENEWED SEPT. 15. 1902.

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PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

. R. STONE. TUNNELI NG APPARATUS. AH LmA'nourILBD FEB. 12. 1902.1321mm]: sun. 15, 1002.

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PATENT Patented J anuary 5, 1904;

Fries,

ROY s'roun, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

TUNNELING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 748,809, dated January5, 1904.

Application filed February 12, 1902. Renewed September 15I 1902. SerialNo. 123,549- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, ROY STONE, a citizen of the United States, residingin the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of NewYork,'haveinvented an ImprovementinTunneling Apparatus, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to tunneling apparatus,and particularly to thattype of tunneling apparatus wherein an advancing shield is employed inconjunction with the tunnel-casing, which latter is preferably built upwithin the shield as the shield advances.

' In carrying out my invention the advancing shield is provided with asuitable bulkhead, inwhich is constructed a universal joint carrying ahose-nozzle, and the bulkhead is also provided with a revolvingair-tight cagedoor whereby ingress and egress may be had betweentheinterior and exterior of the shield, and vice versa, withoutdisturbing the pressure on the exterior of the shield.- I also employ atelescoping suction-pipe for conveying away the water and material asthe same are excavated, improved means of packing between the shield andthe tunnel-casing,means in the under part of the shield for gainingaccess to the exterior thereof for removing the material there andsubstituting a concrete foundation under the tunnel casing, and meansfor guiding and controlling the direction of the advancing shield, allofwhich will be hereinafter more particularly described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section illustrating myimproved apparatus. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on line mm, Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the packing-ring and hose; 'andFig. 4 is a horizontal section through the cage-door in the bulkhead,showing the relative positions of the door and the hose-nozzle.

a represents the advancing cylindrical shield, having a forward cuttingedge 2 and provided with a bulkhead a, somewhat removed from the cuttingedge 2.

T) represents the transverse annular-sections of which the tunnel-casingis built, the sections b being provided with internal flanges 3 andriveted together.

The advancing shield at extends back over the forward sections 1), andthe sections are securely riveted together,progressively form- .whichare fitted with flexible hose 0'.

I provide the shield with seats or circular rings 0, having semicirculargrooves therein The hose c'forms a packing and is adapted to be inflatedpneumatically or hydraulically to fill the space between the shield andthe casingsections 1) and to thereby secure a watertight joint betweenthe said parts. If desired, occasional easing-sections may be providedwith hand-holes whereby and through which the hose 0' may be replacedwhen the same becomes too much worn, due to the friction between itselfand the tunnel-casing caused by the advancement of the shield.

The bulkhead a, preferably at its central portion, is provided withauniversal joint (2, carrying a hose-nozzle 4, and a flexible hose 5connects the nozzle at with the supply-pipe 6 within the casing, thenozzle 4 extending through the universal joint and having its orificeoutside the bulkhead. I also employ a suction-pipe f, extending throughthe tunnel, and an auxiliary suction-pipef,telescopingtherewith andfitted with a gate-valve 6 and passing through the lower part of thebulkhead and havingits orifice f within the cutting edge of theshield-and preferably at its lowest point. By forcing the waterthroughthe nozzle 4, which may be turned in any direction by means of theuniversal joint d, the earth, gravel, mud, or whatever material is beingtunneled is loosened in front of the bulkhead and carried away by thesuctionpipe as the shield advances, and-stones of appreciable size maysink in the silt forward of the cutting edge of the shield.

A cage-door g is constructed in the bulkhead and conveniently comprisesa hollow cylinder 7, having an opening in the side, and plates closingthe top and bottom thereof may be formed with the bulkhead. The cylinder7 is advantageously made to revolve in airtight bearings, and thedistance between the vertical edges 9 and 10 of the opening in the sideof the cylinder is less than the distance between the edges 11 and 12 ofthesegmentflange g of the bulkhead, (see Fig. 4,) so that the cylindermaybe turned in'one direction and back again to permit ingress andegress to and from the interior and exterior of the bulkhead withoutadecting the pressure IOO which may be necessarily required on theoutside of the bulkhead. By this means workmen and tools are providedwith means of access to and from the space in front of the bulkhead.

An interior flange 'i is secured to the shield to by the angle-iron l3and is suitably braced by brackets 8, which latter also aid in securingthe bulkhead to the shield. The shield is advanced by means of hydraulicjacks or rams h, placed at intervals between the flange z'and the edgeof the casing-section I) most recently putin position.

Manholes 7c are made in the bottom of the shield at and situated,preferably, just inside the flange i. The manholes are provided withcovers Z, which are adapted to slide in guides 14 transversely of theshield. The manholes are provided so that when desirable the materialunderlying the shield may be excavated as the shield is advanced and aconcrete foundation 15 for the tunnel-casing substituted for thematerial so removed, the concrete foundation extending approximatelyone-third way around the casing and being of any desired form incross-section.

m represents trailer-beams secured to the shield upon the inner side ofthe bulkhead and at spaced-apart intervals by means of filler-pieces 16and brackets 17, and I prefer that these trailer-beams be square incrosssection. Clamp -frames n, forming guides adapted to be temporarilysecured to the internal flanges 3 of the casing-sections 1), surroundthe trailer-beams m and are provided with adjusting-screws 18 andhand-wheels 19. 20 represents guides removably secured to the casing 19and through which the trailerbeams also pass. By this construction itwill be seen that the course of the shield a may be changed and guidedat pleasure by changing the position of the ad j ustin g-screws whichbear upon the inside of the trailer-beams, of

which there are four at ninety degrees apart, thus causing the cuttingedge of the shield to be inclined in the direction of the course to betunneled, while the usual tendency of the shield to rotate is overcome.

The inner side of the tunnel-casing may be lined with bricks or tiles orfinished in other suitable manner, and in cases necessitatingair-pressure in front of the bulkhead an airlock may be substituted forthe rotating shield; but these features form no part of mypresent-invention.

I claim as my invention 1. In a tunneling apparatus, the combinationwith a tunnel-casing, of an excavatingshield surrounding said casing andhaving an advancing cutting edge and dividing-bulkhead, annularinflatable packing devices and seats for holding and securing the sameto said shield, said packing devices being interposed between the shieldand the forward tunnel-sections and advancing with the shield formaintaining a tight joint, substantially as set forth.

2. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, and movable devices formed in the lowerportion of the excavating-shield in advance of the tunnel-sections andthrough which movable devices the earth beneath the shield may beexcavated, substantially as set forth.

3. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield, surrounding said casing and havingan advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, manhole-covers of curved form located andmovable transversely of the shield and fitting over manholes in theshield, and slideways for the said manhole-covers whereby access isobtained for excavating earth from beneath the tunnel-sections,substantially as set forth.

4. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, means for exposing the earth beneath theshield, and a foundation of concrete beneath the tunnel-sections andconforming to the curved exterior thereof and agreeing approximatelywith about one-third the circumference of the tunnel-sections,substantially as set forth.

5. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, and a movable or rotatable device verticallyplaced in the bulkhead of the shield and adapted for receiving andpassing a workman or tools through the bulkhead without disturbingdifierences of pressure at the respective sides of the same,substantially as set forth.

6. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, a cage-door of metal vertically placed androtatable and in cross-section being substantially three-fourths of thecircle, and a segment-flange in the bulkhead coinciding with the curvedsection of the cage-door and permitting the backward and forwardmovements of the cage-door as and for thepurposes set forth.

7. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, trailer-bealns secured to the shield andplaced longitudinally of the tunnel, guides removably connected to thetunnel-sections and through which the trailer-beams pass, and meansremovably connected to the tunnel-sections and through which the ends ofthe trailer-beams pass, which means are adapted to act upon thetrailer-beams to change the position of the same with reference to thetunnel-sections so as to alter the line of forward movement of theshield, substantially as set forth.

8. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, trailer-beams secured to the shield andplaced longitudinally of the tunnel, guides removably connected to thetunnel-sections and through which the trailer-beams pass, guide andclamp devices removably connected to the tunnel-sections and throughwhich the ends of the trailer-beams pass and in which they are guided,and hand-operated pressure-screws moving in said clamp devices andbearing against the trailer-beams for shifting the position of the sameand changing the forward direction of the excavating-shield,substantially as set forth.

9. In a tunneling apparatus,-the combination with a tunnel-casing, of anexcavatingshield surrounding said casing and having an advancing cuttingedge and dividing-bulkhead, a suction-pipe passing through thetunnel-sections, and a pipe passing through the bulkhead of the shieldand telescoping with the aforesaid suction-pipe and having a gate forclosing the passage-way therein when desired, substantially as setforth.

10. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a tunnel-casin g, ofa shield surrounding said casing and having a forward cutting edge, apacking between said shield and casing, a bulkhead in said shield, meansfor ingross and egress throughsaid bulkhead,means for gaining access tothe under exterior part of the shield, means within the shield andcasing for guiding the direction of the shield, means for disintegratingand removing the material in front of the bulkhead, and means foradvancing the said shield, substantially as specified.

11. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a casing of suitablematerial, of a shield surrounding said casing, a circular ring betweensaid shield and casing and secured to the shield,a hose partiallyembedded in said circular ring and adapted to be inflated to fill thespace between the shield and casing to make a tight joint or packingbetween said parts, a bulkhead in said shield, means for disintegratingand removing the material in front of the bulkhead, and means foradvancing the shield, substantially as specified.

12. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a casing, of a shieldsurrounding the casing and having a forward cutting edge, packingbetween said shield and casing, a bulkhead in said shield, an air-tightcage-door in said bulkhead, a universal joint in said bulkhead, a nozzlepassing through and secured in said universal joint, a water-supplypipe, connections between said pipeand nozzle, a telescopingsuction-pipe provided with a valve and passing through the bulkhead andby which the disintegrated material in front of thebulkhead is removed,and means for advancing the bulkhead, substantially as specified. V

13. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a casing, of a shieldsurrounding the casing and having a forward cutting edge, packingbetween said shield and easing, a bulkhead in said shield, anair-tightca'ge-door in said bulkhead, a universal joint in saidbulkhead, a nozzle passing through and secured to said universal joint,a water-supply pipe, connections between said pipe and nozzle, atelescoping suction-pipe provided with a valve and passing through thebulkhead and by which the disintegrated material in front of thebulkhead is removed, manholes in the bottom of the shield, slidingcovers for the same, whereby access may be had to the under part of theshield for removing the material there and laying a concrete foundationfor the tunnel-casing, and means for advancing the shield, substantiallyas specified.

14. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a casing, of a shieldsurrounding the casing and having a forward cutting edge, packingbetween said shield and easing, a bulkhead in said shield, an air-tightcagedoor in said bulkhead, a universal joint in said bulkhead, a nozzlepassing through and secured in said universal joint, a water-supplypipe, connections between said pipe and nozzle, a telescopingsuction-pipe provided with a valve and passing through the bulkhead andby which the disintegrated material in front of the bulkhead is removed,manholes in the bottom of the shield, sliding covers for the samewhereby access may be had to the under part of the shield for removingthe material there and laying a concrete foundation for thetunnel-casing, trailerbeams secured tothe inner side of the bulkhead andextending longitudinally into the shield and easing, means used inconjunction with the said trailer-beams for guiding and directing theadvancement of the shield,and means for advancing the shield,substantially as set forth.

15. In a tunneling apparatus, the combination with a casing, of a shieldsurrounding the casing and having a forward cutting edge, packingbetween said shield and easing, a bulkhead in said shield, an air-tightcagedoor in said bulkhead, a universal joint in said bulkhead, a nozzlepassing through and secured in said universal joint, a water-supplypipe, connection between said pipe and nozzle, a telescopingsuction-pipe provided with a valve and passing through the bulkhead andby which the disintegrated material in front of the bulkhead is removed,manholes in the bottom of the shield, sliding covers for the samewhereby access may be had &

obtaining access beneath the same for removing the earth, and a concreteor other foundation beneath the said casing and built progressively withthe advance thereof, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 31st day of January, 1902.

ROY STONE.

Witnesses:

GEO. T. PINOKNEY, BERTHA M. ALLEN.

